![]() ![]() Key concepts in IP multicast include an IP multicast group address, a multicast distribution tree and receiver-driven tree creation. Reliable multicast protocols such as Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) have been developed to add loss detection and retransmission on top of IP multicast. By its nature, UDP is not reliable-messages may be lost or delivered out of order. The most common transport layer protocol to use multicast addressing is User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The nodes in the network (typically network switches and routers) take care of replicating the packet to reach multiple receivers such that messages are sent over each link of the network only once. Multicast uses network infrastructure efficiently by requiring the source to send a packet only once, even if it needs to be delivered to a large number of receivers. It scales to a larger receiver population by requiring neither prior knowledge of a receiver's identity nor prior knowledge of the number of receivers. IP multicast is a technique for one-to-many and many-to-many real-time communication over an IP infrastructure in a network. Its specifications have been augmented in RFC 4604 to include group management and in RFC 5771 to include administratively scoped addresses. IP multicast was first standardized in 1986. ![]() IGMP snooping is used to manage IP multicast traffic on layer-2 networks. Protocols associated with IP multicast include Internet Group Management Protocol, Protocol Independent Multicast and Multicast VLAN Registration. It uses specially reserved multicast address blocks in IPv4 and IPv6. It is the IP-specific form of multicast and is used for streaming media and other network applications. IP multicast is a method of sending Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams to a group of interested receivers in a single transmission.
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